Gas engine



Y Nov. 20, '1928.

B. c. STICKNEY GAS- ENGINE Fiied Sept. 11; 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet l 2 \D a .J

INVENTOR Nov. 20, 1928. v 1,691,944

B. c. STICKNEY GAS ENGINE Filed Sept. 11, 1925 s Sheets-Sheet B. C. STICKNEY GAS ENGINE Nov. 20, 1928. 7 1,691,944

Filed Sept. 11, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Nov. 20, 1928.

B. C. STICKNEY GAS ENGINE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 11, 1925 HJIDEHUI Nqv. 20, 1928. 1 1,691,944

B; c. STICKNEY GAS ENGINE Filed Sept. 11, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Nov. 29, 1928.

UNITED stares ee-ran nonlinear o. srIcKNnY, or ronisM-onrn, new nAMrSn-Inn GAS ENGINE.

Application filed September This invention relates to rotary valves for internal combustion and other engines.

The valve is a cylindrical hollow-walled revolving ported shell. The pressure of gas is balanced upon the revolving valve, while the exhaust ports open only once in each revolution, the same being also true of the inlet ports.

Each water-jacketed valve seat is-within its valve and is in the form of a hollowwalled support preferably cylindrical. The water circulates in the valve seat for shielding the valve from the heat of explosion, and also for the purpose of minimizing the temperature of the valve, and equalizing the temperature of seat and valve. The valve seats are made in separate units and secured to the valve head. The valve seat is a hollowwalled cylinder having a central opening for a gas passage to and from the engine; with ports radiating from said opening to the exterior of the valve seat to correspond as aforesaid with the valve ports.

The row of chests may be castin one piece with the detachable engine hear and the latter may be water-jacketed throughoutits length, minimizing and equalizing the heat of the chest and valves.

One of the features of the invention is found in the cumbent arrangem-Wit of the revolving valve barrels, the cylindrical seats upon which they revolve, and the cylindrical chests in which they are confined. Each of the hollow-walled seats is closed at one end, while at the ot ier end it presents an annular opening bounded by its inner and outer walls. The inner shell of the seat con'imunicates by means of an elbow to the engine cylinder; and the space between the seat walls is utilized for an interior water jacket. The water rises from the base portion of the engine head, and circulates through said annular opening, and between the walls of said seat, and rises to the top of the it becomes heated, and flows out from the upper portion of said annular space and thence into the water jacket which forms the top portion of the engine head. From thence it flows up: to the pipe leading" to the usual radiator. This provision for circulation of water within the hollow walls of the valve seat, secures ample provision for cooling, for use with either a pump system or a siphon system; the cumbent position of the seat being an important factor, inasmuch as it simply and inexpensively provides an 11, 1925. Serial o. 55,698.

ample inlet for .the cool water a't the bottom and an ample outlet for the heated water at the top. I V I The detachable engine head is in the form of a box, forming a water jacket, and having preferably integral cumbent interior cylinder chests, one for each valve. At the inner end of each chest is formed an integral cupped flange, and into its cup is fitted one end of the outer wall of said interior valve seat, whereby said valve seat is firmly supported. The inner wall of the valve, seat its against theupper end of the elbow forming the gas passage to the engine; thele'ibow being integral with the engine head and hence with the wall chests; and an annular space being left between the elbow and the cupped flange of the chest, so ls to permit the water to flow into and out of the interior valve seat. Suitable gaskets are provided between the edges of the valve-seat wall and the edges of the elbow and the flange, to render the' joint water tight. The cumbent arrangement of the valve chests and seats Til conduces to compactness, permitting the structure to be readily set upon an engine block in a Ford or other automobile within the hood-space above the engine block. The engine head overlijangs the engine block preferably upon the right side, but there is-ample room within the hood,

Each chest and its ii'iterior va'l've seat form an interior annular cylindrical chamber, within which fits the revoluble valve or barrel; said chamber being closed at one end by the integral cupped flange or end of the chest. The chest or valve chamber at its other end opens into an intake manifold, which may extend the whole lengtl'i of the engine head, and may surround the valve ends, each of the latter being provided at this end with inlets in its outer wall, whereby fuel mixture is taken from the manifold into the space between the wallsof the valve. At this end each valve may be provided with a driver in the formof a worm-wheel. A drive shaft extends along the row of wormwheels, and has worms tojdrive said wheel's. This gearing is contained, ina 'bofi at one side lift of the engine head, which box may also con tain a' sealing lubricant, the lubricantbeing permitted to flow between the valve and the interior seat. The box is closed by a side plate, and in the side plate may beprovided set screws for forcing the inner valve seats tightly against their end bearings; Al loca tor or centering device may be provided in the gear box for each valve seat. A spark plug may be threaded into an opening provided in the elbow, thus making the plug convenient of access and igniting the charge at an effective point.

One of the features of the invention is the casting in one piece of the water-jacketengine head with the cumbent valve chests having the described features; and this engine head may be conveniently secured upon the engine block of a Ford automobile by first attaching to the block an overhanging base-plate, and then securing the engine head upon the base-plate.

Other features and advantages will here inafter appear. 7

In the accompanyin drawings,

Fi ure 1 is a longituc inal sectional elevation of the engine head and the engine-cylinder block upon which it is detachably mounted.

Figure 2 is a transverse section through the engine head, valves and valve seats, showing the valves in different positions.

Figure 8 is a sectional plan of the engine head, the section being taken horizontally at about the level of the axes of the valves, the two right-hand valve seats being omitted.

In Figure 8 the firing order is different from Figure 2.

Figure 4 is an end elevation of a single casting forming the engine head and shown partly in cross-section taken near the closed ends of the valve chests.

Figure 5 is a plan of the single casting forming the engine head, the section being taken about centrally of the valves.

Figure 6 shows an end elevation and plan of the interior valve seat.

Figures 7 to 9 show cross-sections and longitudinal sections of a valve seat. Figure 7 shows the upper walls of the seat, the inner shell being shown in full and its ports being. taken in section. At this figure the ported cross-section is taken near the closed end of the seat. Figure 8 shows a cross section taken in the middle of the seat, and also shows the inner shell in longitudinal section. Figure 9 shows the cross-section near the open end of the seat, and also shows the outer shell in section, the inner shell be ing omitted but its bottom connection. to the outer shell being shown in section.

Figures 10 to 17 show the valve in different positions. Figures 10 to 18 show cross-sections and longitudinal sections of the valve,

corresponding respectively with the views of said valve shown in Figures 14 to 17. In Figures 10 to 18 the section is taken through one of the fractional ports.

Figure 18 is a rear elevation of the engine head.

Figure 19 is a part-sectional. plan of the engine head.

The usual water-jacketed engine block 20 has a series of four or other number of cylinders 21 upon which is detachably secured a head designated generally as 28, which may comprise a base or floor 24 fitting down upon fitting closely upon a hollow-walled portcd' seat which is preferaly cylindrical and which is designated generally as 82. The seat may comprise an outer wall 83 and an inner wall or shell 84, these walls being separated to form water compartments or spaces designated generally as 85.

At Figures 1, 2 and 5, the chest and seat are shown provided at the bottom with preferably full-sized exhaust ports 86 and 87, respectively; while the cylindrical valve 29, which rotates in an annular chamber 88 between the seat and chest, is provided on one side with a port 40 that passes entirely through the side of the valve and corresponds in dimensions and position with the ports 86, 87 The chest 28 is provided near its ends with half ports 41, 42 for the exhaust, these being opposite to the port 86; while the seat is providedwith half ports 48, 44 registering with 41 and 42, respectively, and corresponding with separated half ports 45, 46 in the valve. Each half port has the same circumferential extent as a full port; while its cross dimension is only half that of the full port. Since the half ports are opposed to the full ports, the pressure upon the revolving valve, when the ports 87, 48, 44 are closed, is balanced; and to avoid liability of faulty distribution of pressure, the full port is preferably placed in a Zone midway between the half ports, at Figures 15 and 16.

At Figure 1 are shown the exhaust ports fully open; but it will be understood that when the valve has completed a half of a revolution from the Figure 1 position, the valve port 40 will be at the top at Figure 1, and will be closed by middle ones or portions of the upper chest and seat walls, while the valve ports 45 and 46 (which will ,then be on the bottom) will at the same time be closed by upper and lower Zones or portions of the chest and seat walls. Hence port 40 remains closed until it again reaches the ports 86, 87, while the ports 45 and 46 remain closed until they again reach the ports 48, 41, 44, 42. Hence there is an opening of the stationary exhaust ports only once in each revolution of the valve, which has a driving 47 meshing with a worm 48, there being as many worms as there are valves, and the lll) n: In

Worms being carried upon a drive shaft e9 having a sprocketovheel and a one-to-one chain connection 51 to the crank-shaft of the engine. Thus rapidity of opening and closing'of the ports is secured by Hans of rapid revolution of the valve, Whose ports open only once in each revolution, notwithstanding that the seatports are placed on Opposite sides for pressurebalancing. Balancing the pressure by means of opposing ports and at the same time securing rapid action, is sezured by opening the opposed ports only once in each revolution of the valve, this being accomplished by dividing one of the opposing ports into fractions and ')lacing the fractions above and below the opposite port. In this way the revolving valve ports i'natch the stationary ports only once in each revolution. Each valve port first opens an upper or lower seat por a, and then skips or passes by the diametrically opposite seat port. Valve port 40 cooperates vith stationary ports 36 and 37 atone side of device. but not with ports the opposite side. Valve ports 15, t6 co-operate with 4-1 l l, but not With 36, 3?.

The small ports permit the use or small diameters of the seat and chest, with corre sponding reduction of cost in manufacture and ease of operation and reduction of wear. The internal diameter o1 the cylindrical main gas passage or explosion chamber 52 in the seat may be no greater than the op ning of the exhaust port provided for anort. nary poppet valve.

The intake manifold 53 integral With the cast-iron detachable engine head at the far end thereof from the engine cylinders 21. Each valve extends directly into or through this manifold, and has inlet ports in its outer vall only, Which admits mixed air and fuel into the annular chamber of the hollow-Walled valve, where, by cooling the valve it becomes heated on its way to the engine cylinder. The inner Wall 31 of the valve has in one of its sides a fullsized inlet port 57, following the exhaust port 40 as the valve turns to the right, and has upon the diametrically opposite side separated inlet hall ports 58, 59 in the same Zones with the exhaust half ports to, 46 and directly following the same. Upon the hub 59 ot the gear is fastened a hub portion 59* ot a driver in the form of a cross arm or plate or disk which is keyed to the endof the valve at 59. Said hub 59 has a bearing upon a neck or boss 59? at the top 59 of the seat 32.

In the drawings the inlet ports begin to open as soon as the exhaust ports close, and it will be understood that the timing may be modified according to any desired practice. YVhcn the valve is advanced a quarter of a revolution from the position at Figure 1, its exhaust ports 40, 46 .vill be closed, the same l eing then confined between the unported portions of the seat and chest; While the inlet port 57 will be in register with the full-sized port 3'? the seat, and in communication vith the engine cylinder during the down or in ak strokeot the engine piston; and at this time the port inthe chest will be closed by the outer wall 30 of the hollow fall valve, said outer Wall 30 having no outlet from the internal passage or or:- plosion chamber 56. At the same time the top frac ional ports ll, 4L2 in the chest are closed by said outer hollow Wall 30 of the valve. All of the time the intake ports 55 areopen, ant. through these the engine pi"- ton dr \vs a fresh charge int the annular chamber 56, While drawing the previously heated charge out ot'said chamber through the full port 57 and the half ports 58, 59 in the inner Walls thereof, and through the central passage 52 into the engine cylinder.

it will be seen that the arrangement of the full intake port 5'? and the diametrically opposite separated halt intake ports 58, 5t

adapted to match the arrangement of the seat port's 3. 4.3 and 44, whereby the valve intalze ports are open only once in each revolution thereof, in a manner that will be understood from the foregoing explanation of the opening of the valve exhaust ports i5, 46 onlyonce in each revolution thereof. There alternation of. opening and shipping of the seat ports by the valve ports, so that the openin of any port occurs only once in a revol 510D, notwithstanding the fact that the seat ported on both sides. Hence at each revolution of the valve there is first exhaust of the used charge from the engii'ie, and then inlet of a heated fresh charge from the annular chamber or reservoir 56 during the opening of the inlet ports at a quarter of a revolution of the valve, and then con'ipression with all ports closed during the next quarter revolution of the valve, and lin lly explosion with all ports closed during the final quarter of the revolution of the valve, completing the cycle.

An advantage arises from making and grinding each scat separately from the engine head and securing and packing the same therein, While providing for exactn ss of location thereof and close lit and on operation of the valve thereon in the annular space or Well between the seat and the chest.

The cunibcnt engine head 23 is a box containing the row of. integral cuinbont chests 25-28, Figure 5, the box forming a jacket in which Water circulates entirely around said chests from end to end of the latter, and

also up the closed free ends 60 of the chests.

At their other ends the chests are supported by and project horizontally from a vertical Wall 61. extending from side to side of the engine head and forming one end thereof,

and .ertrcal wall 62 in (re-operating vvmi forming the intake manifold 53; said walls 61 and 62 being integral with the engine head and both walls perforated coincidently with the bores of the chests 28; the valves extending through the circular perforations 63 in wall 62 and closing the same, preventing escape of explosive fluid from the intake manifold 53.

At this end of the engine head may be formed an integral gear box 6 1, from end to end of which the horizontal drive shaft 49 extends, the gears 4-7 being contained in this box, which is closed by a side or end plate ('35, attached by screws 66 to top 64 coincid ing with the tops of the chests. If oil is placed in the gear box, it may rise sufficiently to flow past the drive bar 59 and along the inner valvewall 38, lubricating and sealing the valve seat 83. The outer wall of the valve may be supplied with lubricant and seal through a feed 66, Figure 1.

The passages from the engine cylinders 21 to the interiors 52 of the valve seats, include elbows 67 rising in a row from the floor of the engine head and bending to the open ends of the valve seats, thus accommodating the cumbent positions of the seats,

valves and chests. The elbow terminates in a circular brim which is matched to or coincides with end of the inner wall or shell 34 of the valve seat, which shell, together with the elbow, forms the explosion chamber. The latter shell 34 therefore forms a continuation of the elbow, the joint between them being packed with a gasket 68. The valve seat is forced inwardly, to make a water-tight joint at said gasket; by means of a set screw 69, threaded into a boss 70 on the closure plate 65. and bearing against the neck 59 of the seat; a bearing disk 71 and soft washer 72 intervening between the screw and the neck.

The outer wall or shell 33 of each seatfits into an internal countersink or depression 73 formed in the end of the chest, and is forced. by screw 69 against an interior flange 7 4 of the chest; a gasket 75 packing this joint. The cooling water rises past the free end of the chest and also flows in between the walls 33 and 34, entering through the lower portion of the annular opening 76 between the elbow tip and the chest flange 74, which opening forms a continuation of the annular water chamber or passage extending between 33 and 3 1-. The annular inlet and outlet thus lies partly between the chest flange and elbow and partly between the open ends of the seat 32. Out of the upper portion of this annular passage escapes the heated water from the seat, into the top of the engine head; which is provided with an outlet 77 to the usual Ford or other radiator. The

seat is thus elliciently cooled by ample water spaces, without unduly increasing the height of the engine head, and it may readily be applied to existing engines, and trouble from overheating of the seat is avoided.

The chests are readily and cheaply ground to fit the ground exteriors of the valves, and the seats are also accurately ground into the valves before assembling the seats. The seat is accurately centered at one end in the countersink 73, while at its other end it is accurately centered by means of a metal disk 78, Whose periphery is ground to match that of the valve, and fits tightly in bearings 79 whose contours coincide with or form extended portions of the bores in the chests 25 to 28; said bearings 79 forming portions of the walls of the gear box 64. Each of these disks is centrally perforated at 80 to fit tightly upon the end of the neck 5950f the seat. Hence the latter is accurately centered. and supported in the valve chest, and not liable to bind the valve.

The detachable engine head casting includes a main compartment 81 containing the chests, a compartment 82 extending entirely across the casting, and serving for the intake manifold and having a bottom inlet 88, and a compartment 64 forming the gear box and oil supply. To simplify the casting, the sides 84 and 85 may be made separately and attached to the side edges of the box by screws 86, to close the same. The integral elbows 67 may protrude from the water jacketing at the front end of the main compartment, or stand mainly in front of the front'wall 87, the lower portions of the elbows extending down within the water box 88 which forms a front base compartment and lies upon the engine block. From the bends of the elbows rise bosses 89, containing conveniently accessible spark plu s 90, placed at points in the explosion chamber advantageous for igniting the charges.

Each elbow tip may be joined to the adj acent chest end by short integral ribs, webs or supports 91, one on each side. Each inner shell 52 of the seat maybe likewise joined to its outer shell 33 by means of webs 92 on its opposite sides. Preferably 91 and 92 are close together end to end, and cooperate to form a water baffle, causing the incoming water at the bottom of the seat to flow along the seat before it can flow up and out, thus conducing to evenness of cooling of the seat and valve.

For convenience in attaching the head to the Ford or other engine block 20, there may be used a cap plate 93, secured by screws 94, 95, fitting in the usual bolt holes in the block. The head may be fastened upon the plate by bolts 96. tapped into bosses 97; and bolts 98 at the front may also be placed in the usual front tapped holes in the engine block. The plate is apertured at 99, 100, etc, to correspond with the apertures usually pro vided in the top of the engine block.

The annular chamber 56 extends from end 101 to end 102 of the valve; The latter confined endwise' between the end of the chest and the driving bar 59 which is keyed in notches in the end 101 of the valve; and the hub 59 said driving bar is confined by the gear ll", the latter being retained by disk 78 and end plate 65.

Each exhaust port preferably has an extra lead, this portion of the-port being gradually narrowed at 103, so that the port presents a small outlet at about halt-way of the explosion stroke of the piston, this opening gradually increasing to full width as the last portion of the explosion stroke is approached; At high peed there is better clearance and lower pressure of the exhaust before'the exhaust stroke begins, and the noise of exhaust is reduced. The inner shell 34 of the seat is gradually reduced in diameter f om its open end to its closed end, to minimize the capacity of the explosion chamber, and increase the capacity of the water compartment 35. The ports 37, e0, 36 are inclined so to clear the edge of the usual Ford engine block, but the 'iressure upon the valve wall 31, of compression and explosion, at the ports 43, 44:, balanced by the opposite'pressure at 71, which is mid way of 43, 4%.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions oi the improvements may be used without others,

Having thus described my invention, 1 claim:

1. The con'ibination with an engine cyi inder, of an engine head, a water-enclosed chest in said head, a pressure-balanced rotary barrel valve in said chest, a seat within said valve, the axis of said valve being crosswise oi the axis of said engine cylinder,

said seat having inner and outer shells forming a water compartment and ported on its opposite sides through both shells, and a conduit through which flows past one end of the valve between said inner shell ant the engine cylinder, moans l'ieing provided to cause circulation or water around said chest and through the water compare ment in said seat and out from one end oi'the latter.

2. The combination with a series of engine cylinders. of a water-jacketed engine head, a set of chests in said head, a set of rotary barrel valves in said chests, and a seat within each valve, the axes of said valves being crosswise of the axes of said engine cylinders, each seat formed with inner and outer shells, the space between said shells forming a water compartment, a series of passages extending from said engine cylinders and having lateral openings into said inner shells, each seathaving top and bottom ports extending through both of its shells, and said engine chests having corresponding top and bottom ports.

3. The combination with a. series'of engine cylinders, of a water-jacketed engine head,

barrel valves in said chests, and a seat within each valve, the axes of said valves being] crosswise of the axes of said engine cylinders, each seat formed with inner and outer shells, the space between said shells forming a water compartment, a series of gas passages extending from said engine cylinders and having lateral openings into said inner shells, each seat having top and bottom ports extending through both of its shells, said engine chests having. corresponding top and bottom ports, and each of said water compartments opening at one end into the waterjacket of said engine head 1. The combination with. a rowof upstanding engine cylinders, of a water-jacketed engine head, a set of cumbent chests in said head, a set of rotary barrel valves in said chests, and a seat within each valve, said seat formed with inner and outer shells forming water compartments, each seat ported through both shells, and a series ot conduits lateral openings into said inner shells, each seat closed at one end, and-each. of the water compartments between. said shells opening at the other end of said seat into said waterjacket, the water rising at the bottom of said.

water-jacket flowing laterally through said opening into the bottoms of the compartments, and after heating and rising in said compartments flowing laterally out at the tops of said openings.

5. T he combination with a series of engine cylinders, of a water-jacketed engine head a set of chests in said head, a set of rotary barrel valves in said chests, a seat within each valve, the axes of said valves being crosswise of the axes of said engine cylinders, each seat termed with inner and outer shells, the space between said shells-forming a water compartment, a series of passages ending from said engine cylinders and having lateral openin into said inner shells, each having top and bottom ports extending through both of its shells, and said engine chests havingcorresponding top and bottom ports, ea h of said valves having a hollow wall to form a reservoir for fuel mixture, and ported for exhaust through both walls, and an intake manifold provided at said engine head, each valve having communication with said manifold by means of an intake opening, and the inner wall of each valve ported for supplying t'uel mixture through the inner shell of its seat to said engine cylinder.

6. The combination with a series of engine cylinders, of a water-jacketed engine head, a set of chests in said head, a set of rotary barrel valves in said chests, a seat within extending irom said engine cylinders within said water-Jacket and having each valve, the axes of said valves being crosswise of the axes of said engine cylinders, each seat formed with inner and outer shells, the space between said shells forming a water compartment, a series of gas passages extending from said engine cylinders and having lateral openings into said inner shells, each seat having top and bottom ports extending through both of its shells, and said engine chests having corresponding top and bottom ports, each of said valves having a hollow wall to form a reservoir for fuel mixture, and ported for exhaust through both walls, and an intake manifold provided at said engine head, and the inner wall of each valve ported for supplying fuel mixture through the inner shell of its seat to said engine cylinder, and each of said water compartments opening at one end into the water-jacket of said engine head, said manifold formed in said engine head and extending along the set of valves, each valve having ports in its outer wall opening into said manifold.

7. The combination with a series of upright engine cylinders, of an engine head in the form of a box including a water-jacket, a series of cumbent chests within the waterjacket and integral with said head, cumbent valves fitting in said chests, means for operating the valves, cumbent seats within said valves, each seat having outer and inner shells, the space between said shells forming a water compartment in open inlet and outlet communication around the ends of said valves with said water-jacket, gas conduits integral with said head and extending from said inner shells to the engine cylinders, means provided upon the ends of the chests for supporting the ends of said outer shells of said seats, and means forcing said seats against said supports and said conduits.-

8.111 a gas engine including a set of pistons, the combination with a box includ ing a water-jacket, of a series of cumbent chests within the water-jacket, cumbent valves fitting in said chest-s, means for operating the valves, cumbent seats within said valves, each seat having outer and inner shells, the space between said shells forming a water compartment in open inlet and outlet communication around the ends of said valves with said water-jacket, gas conduits extending from said inner shells to the engine cylinders, the space between each seat and its chest forming an annular valve chamber closed by a flange formed on one end of the chest, each flange having a sup port for the end of the seat, means forcing said seats against said supports, and an intake manifold into which the other end of each chest opens, said valves having openings into said manifolds.

9. The combination with a series of upright engine cylinders, of an engine head in the form of a box including a water-jacket, a series of cumbent chests within the waterjacket and integral with said head, cumbent valves fitting in said chests, means for operating the valves, cumbent seats within said valves, each seat having outer and inner shells, the space between said shells forming a water compartment in open inlet and outlet communication around the ends of said valves with said water-jacket, gas conduits integral with said head and extending from said inner shells to the engine cylinders, the space between each seat and its chest forming an annular valve chamber closed by a flange formed on one end of the chest, each flange having a support for the end of the seat, means forcing said seats against said supports, and an intake manifold integral with said chest and into which the other end of each chest opens, said valves having openings into said manifolds, each valve being hollow walled and having opposed exhaust port-s extending through its walls, and also having inlet porting in its inner wall; said seat having opposed ports each serving for both intake and exhaust.

10. The combination of a row of chests, ,valves having hollow walls and fitting in said chests, separate seats fitting within said valves and in communication with the engine cylinders, said seats provided with ports each of which is common to intake and exhaust, and said chests having only exhaust ports, an intake manifold integral with said chests, said chests opening into said manifold, and said valves having openings into said manifold, and having in their inner walls inlet ports to'open the seat ports, a water-jacketed engine head containing said chests and integral therewith, means providing for circulation of water within said seats, each valve extending at one end through said manifold, driving means connected to said end, said engine head having an integral compartment containing said driving means, and the latter including worm wheels or gears on said valves and worms or pinions, a drive shaft on which said worms are mounted, said seats having necks upon which the gears revolve, and means to press upon the ends of said necks to hold the seats in position.

11. The combination of a row of chests, valves having hollow walls and fitting in said chests, seats fitting within said valves and in communication with the engine cylinders, said seats provided with ports each of which is common to intake and exhaust, and said chests having only exhaust ports, an intake manifold integral with said chests, said chests opening into said manifold, and said valves having openings into said manifold, and having in their inner walls inlet ports to open the seat ports, a water-jacketed engine head containing said chests and in Ill tegral therewith, the space between eacn seat and its chest forming an annular valve chamber closed by a flange formed on one end of the chest, each flange having a support for the end of the seat, each seat having outer and inner shells, the spaces between said shells forming a water compartment in open communication around the end of the valve with said water-jacket, each valve extending at one end through said manifold, necks upon said seats, valve-driving means upon sait necks, said engine head having an integral compartment containing said driving means, said driving compartment having a closure plate or wall, and means mounted in said plate or wall to bear against said necks to force the seats against said supports in said chests. 1

12. The combination of a row of chests, valves having hollow walls and fitting in said chests, seats fitting within said valves and in communication with the engine cylinders, said seats provided with ports each of which is c nnnon to intake and exhaust, and said chests having only exhaust ports, an intake manifold integral with said chests, said chests opening into said manifold, and said valves l'iaving openings into said manifold, and having in their inner walls inlet ports to open the seat ports, a water-jacketed engine head'containing said chests and intogral therewith, the space between each seat and its chest forming an annular valve chamber closed by a flange formed on one end of the chest, each flange having a sup port for the end of the seat, each seat having outer and inner shells, the spaces between said shells forming a water compartment in open communication around the end of the valve with said water-jacket, each valve extending at one end through said manifold, necks upon said seats, valve-driving means upon said necks, said engine head having an integral compartment containing said driving means, said driving co-mpartn'ient having a closure plate or Val means. mounted in said plate or wall to bear against said necks to force the seats against said supl'iorts in said chests, and seatcentering and supporting means titted upon said necks in said driving compartments, the latter having wall portions coincident with the bores of said chests and forming bearings for said centering means.

13. The combination with a row of upstanding engine cylinders, of a waterjacketcd engine head, a set of cumbent chests in said head, a set of rotary barrel valves in said chests, a seat within each valve, said seat formed witl inner and outer shells forming water compartments, each seat ported through both shells, a series of corn duits extendingfrom said engine cylinders within said water-jacket and having, lateral openings into said inner shells, each seat closed at one end, and each of the water compartments between said shells opening at the other end ot said seat into said waterjacket, the water rising at the bottom of said water-jacket flowing laterally through said opening into the-bottoms ot the compartments, and after heating and rising in said compartments flowing laterally out at the tops of said openings, and a bottom plate attachable to both the engine cylinders and the engine head. 7

14. The combination of a row of chests, exhaust-ported valves having hollow walls and fitting in said chests, fitting within said valves, and each seat at one end communicating with an engine cylinder, said seats havin portin s common to intake and D a t? eXh-aust,said chests having exhaustpo' a cumbent engine head in the form of a waterjacket containing said chests, andan intake manifold having opposite walls integral with said chests and said engine head, and extending from side to side of the engine headat one end thereoflsaid chests projecting from one oi said walls, and opening into said manifold, said valves having openings into said manifold, and having in their inner walls inlet ports to open the seat ports.

15. The combination of a row of chests, exhaust-ported valves having hollow walls and fitting in said chests, seats fitting within said valves, and each seat at one end communicating with an engine cylinder, said seats having portings common to intake and exhaust, said chests having exhaust ports, a cumbent engine head in the form of a vater-jacket containing said chests, an intake manifold having opposite walls integral with said chests and said engine head, and extending from side to side of the engine head at one end thereof, said projectingfr-om one of said walls, and open; ing into said manifold, said valves having openings into said manifold, and having in their inner walls inlet ports to open the scat ports, the other wall ot said manifold being circularly erforated coincidentally w th the bores oi the chests, and the valves 7-; tending through'the circular perforations and closing the same, and driving means connected to the ends of the valves.

16. The combination of a row of chests, exhaust-ported.valves having hollow walls and fitting in said chests, seats fitting within said valves, and each at one end communicating with an engine cylinder, said seatshaving poi-tings common to intake and exhaust, said chestshaving exhaust ports, a cumhent engine head in the form of a waterjacket containing said chests, an intake maniitold having opposite walls integral with said chests and said engine head, and extending from side to side of the enginehead at one end thereof, said chests projecting from one oft said walls, and opening into said manifold, said valves having openings into said manifold, and having in their inner walls inlet ports to open the seat ports, the other wall of said manifold being circularly perforated coincidentally with the bores of the chests, and the valves extending through the circularperforations and closing the same, driving means connected to the ends of the valves, said engine head also formed with an integral box into which the driving ends of said valves extend, and said driving means being mounted in said box and comprising gears connected to the valves and pinions driving the gears, and a shaft upon which the pinions are mounted.

17. The combination of a row of chests, exhaust-ported valves having hollow walls and fitting in said chests, seats fitting within said valves, and each seat at one end communicating with an engine cylinder, said seats having portings common to intake and exhaust, said chests having exhaust ports, a cumbent engine head in the form of a water-jacket containing said chests, an intake n'ianifold having opposite walls integral with said chests and said engine head, and extending from side to side of the engine head at one end thereof, said chests projecting from one of said walls, and open ing into said manifold, said valves having openings into said manifold, and having in their inner walls inlet ports to open the seat ports, the other wall of said manifold being circularly perforated coincidentally with the bores of the chests, and the valves extending through the circular perforations and closing the same, driving means connected to the ends of the valves, said engine head also formed with an integral box into which the driving ends of said valves extend, said driv ing means being mounted in said box and comprising gears connected to the valves and pinions driving the gears, and a shaft upon which the pinions are mounted,-said seats being detachable and having necks upon which said gears revolve, and means provided in. said box to engage the free ends of said necks to hold the seats in position.

18. An engine head includinga floor and provided with a row of cumbent cylindrical chests, cylindrical valves revolving in said chests, fixed seats within said valves, gas passages from the seats to the engine head and including elbows rising in a row from the floor of the engine head and bending to the open ends of the valve seats, said seat-s inserted in the engine head and matched to the upper ends of the elbows and each forming with its elbow an explosion chamber,

and means holding the seats detachably against the elbows.

19. An engine head including a floor and provided with a row of cumbent cylindrical chests, cylindrical valves revolving in said chests fixed seats within said valves, gas

passages from the seats to the engine head and including elbows rising in a row from the fioor of the engine head and bending to the open ends of the valve seats, said seats inserted in the engine head and matched to the upper ends of the elbows and each forming with its elbow an explosion chamber, and means holding the seats detachably against the elbows, said holding meansincluding set screws, and the seats each having a neck at one end against which the set screw bears, and having means at the end of the neck for centering and supporting the same.

20. An engine head including a floor and provided with a row of cumbent cylindrical chests, cylindrical valves revolving in said chests, fixed seats within said valves, gas passages from the seats to the engine head and including elbows rising in a row from the floor of the engine head and bending to the open ends of the'valve seats, said seats inserted in the engine head and matched to the upper ends of the elbows and each for1ning with its elbow an explosion chamber, and means holding the seats detachably against the elbows, each seat having an outer wall which forms with an inner wall a water compartment, open at the end of the seat which adjoins said elbow for the inflow and outflow of water to said water-jacket.

21. An engine head including a floor and provided with a row of cumbent cylindrical chests, cylindrical valves revolving in said chests, fixed seats within said valves, gas passages from the seats to the engine head and including elbows rising in a row from the floor of the engine head and bending to the open ends of the valve seats, said seats inserted in the engine head and matched to the upper ends of the elbows and each forming with its elbow an explosion chain-.

ber, means holding the seats detachably against the elbows, each chest having a countersink or step in which the open end of the seat is fitted, and a disk upon the free end of said neck centering the other end of the seat, the diameter of the centering disk being the same that of the valve, and said engine head having extensions of the valve chests, said extensions bored coincidentally with the chests and serving as hearing for the disks.

22. An engine head including a floor and provided with a row of cumbent cylindrical chests, cylindrical valves revolving in said chests, fixed seats within said valves, gas passagesfrom the seats to the engine head and including elbows rising in a row from the floor of the engine head and bending to the open ends of the valve seats, said seats inserted in the engine head and matched to the upper ends of the elbows and each forming with its elbow an explosion chamber, means holding the seats detachably against the elbows, each chest having a countersink vor step in which the open end of the seat is fitted, and a disk upon the free end of said neck centering the other end of the seat, the

diameter of the centering disk being the same as that of the valve, and said engine head having extensions of the valve chests, said extensions bored coincidentally with'the chests and serving as bearings for the disks, said extensions forming portions of a gear box, and said box containing valve-driving trains bet-ween said disks and said seats.

23. The combination with an engine block,

of a detachable engine head casting including a main water compartment, a 'row of chests within said compartment, said head also including acompartinent extending entirely across the casting at one end of the from the-water-jacjket extension at the front end of the main compartment, the lower portions of the elbows extending down within the water extension, which lies upon the engine block. a

' 24. The combination with an engine block, of a detachable engine head casting including a main water compartment, a row of chests within said compartment, said head also including a compartment extending entirely across the casting at one end of the row of chestsand serving as an intake manifold, said head also having a compartment forming a gear box, valves in said chests and extending into said manifold, valvedriving gears in said gear box, said engine head having a water-jacket portion extending over the engine block and attached thereto, elbows integral with the engine head and extending therefrom to seats within said valves, said elbows projecting from.

the water-jacket extension at the front .end of the main compartment, the lower portions of the elbows extending down within the water extension, which lies n 3011 the engine block,,and integral ribs connecting each elbow to the adjacent chest.

25. The combination with an engine block, of detachable engine head casting including a main water compartment, a row of chests within said compartment, said head also including a compartment extending entirely across the casting at one end of the row of chests and serving as an intake manifold, said head also having a compartment forming a gear box, valves in said chests and extending into said manifold, valyedriving gears in said gear box, said engine head having a water-jacket portion extending over the engine ,block and attached thereto, elbows integral with the engine head and extending therefrom to seats within said valves, said elbows projecting from the water-jacket extension at the front end of the main compartment, the lower portions of the elbows extending down within the water extension, which lies upon the engine block, and spark plugs in said eljoined to its outer shell by means of Webs.

26. The combination with an engine block, of a detachable engine head casting including a main water compartment, a row of chests within said compartment, said head also including a compartment extending entirely acrossthe casting at one end of the row of chests and serving as an'intake manifold, said head also having a compartment forming a gear box, valves in said chests and extending intosaid manifold, valvedriving gears in said gear box, said engine head 11 ving a water-jacket portion extending over the engine block and attached thereto, elbows integral with the engine head and extending therefrom to seats within said valves, said elbows projecting from the water-jacket extension at the front end of the main compartment, the lower portions of the elbows extending down within the water extension, which lies upon the engine block, and integral ribs connecting each elbow to the adjacent chest, the inner shell of each seat being joined to its outer shell by means ofwebjs, said ribs and webs cooperating oto form a water bafll'e.

27. An engine valve in the form of a hollow-walled revolving ported shell, its porting including opposed exhaust orifices,

each extending entirely through the hollow wall, and. also including an intake port-1n a di ferent zonefrom the exhaust ports to supply fluid fuel to the space within the hollow wall, said porting also including inlet ports in the interiorwall and communieating with theienginecylinder, each exhaust port having an oblong form circumferentially of the valve, and having a gradualhr narrowing lead, 'forming'a, leak which eifects a diminution of the gaspressure substantially inad-vance of full-width opening of the exhaust port; 7

28. A rotar'y'valve having exhaust ports in one zone and having an inlet port in bows, the inner shell of each seat being another zone, said inlet portopening into 7 the engine cylinder in the same Zone as the exhaust ports, means for revolving said valve once for two revolutions of the enginecrank-shaft, each of the exhaust and inlet ports opening only once in each revolution, a seat for said valve, the ports in said seat being diametrically opposed, and in eluding a full exhaust port on one side of the seat half-sized exhaast ports on the opposite side of the seat, one above and the other below the full exhaust port, and the ports insaid valve having a Corresponding arrangement, and a chest within which said valve rotates, said chest'having corresponding opposed ports, so that the exhaust ports are open only once in each revolution of the valve, the inner shell of said seat being gradually reduced in diameter from its open end to its closed end.

29. The combination of a row of chests, valves having hollow walls and fittin in said chests, seats fitting within said va ves, conduits at one set of the seat ends in communication with the engine cylinders, said seats provided with ports each of which is common to intake and exhaust, and said chests having only exhaust ports, an intake manifold extending along the row of chests at the ends thereof opposite said conduits and integral with said chests, said chests opening into said manifold, and said valves having openings into said manifold and having in their inner walls inlet ports to open the seat ports, and also having exhaust ports, a water-jacketed engine head containing said chests, means providing for circulation of water within said seats, each valve extending at one end through said manifold, and driving means connected to said valve ends.

30. In a gas engine including a set of reciprocating pistons, the combination of a water jacketing or boxing, a set of chests in said boxing, a set of rotary barrel valves in said chests, a seat within each valve, each seat having an outer shell and an inner shell spaced therefrom to form a water compartment open at one end for inlet and outlet of water, each valve being hollow-walled and formed with an engine-inlet port on its inner wall, each valve having pressurebalancing exhaust ports each extending entirely through the side of the valve, a manifold into which the valves extend, the manifold havingwalls to which said valves are fitted,the manifold and valves having corresponding inlet passages for the gas charges from the manifold to the spaces between the walls of the valves, and means for rotating the valves. 3

31. In a gas engine including a set of reciprocating pistons, the combination of a water jacket-ing or boxing, a set of chests in said boxing, a set of rotary barrel valves in said chests, a seat Within each valve, each seat having an outer shell and an inner shell spaced therefrom to form a water compartment open at one end for inlet and outlet of water, each valve being hollowwalled and formed with an engine-inlet port on its inner wall, each valve having pressu'rebalancing exhaust ports each extending entirely through the side of the valve, a manifold into which the valves extend, the manifold having walls to which said valves are fitted, the manifold and valves having corresponding inlet passages for the gas charges from the manifold to the spaces between the walls of the valves, and means for rotating the valves; said gas passages in each valve being between said rotating means and said exhaust ports.

32. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a block having therein a row of engine cylinders and corresponding valve chests extending side by side with the engine cylinders, said block havinga'waterjacketing including both the engine cylinders and the valve chests, valves revolving in said chests, internal seats for said valves, said seats being internally water-jacketed in communication with the water-jacketing of the block, and means detachably securing said seats by their inner ends to saidblocl: within said chests,'theinternal water-jacketing of the valve seats extending the whole length of the valves.

33. The combination of a block formed with enginecylinder bores and valve chests, the engine cylinders and valve'chests being generally water-jacketed, hollow valves revolving in said chests, ported seats'fixed in said block within said valves, said seats being internally waterj acketed and being attached at their inner ends to said block and having at their said ends means for conducting water from the general water-jacket into the seats, each seat having an explosion chamber, said seats also having means for permitting fuel to enter said valves, and a detachable waterjacketed cap covering said block and having gas-passages from said explosion chambers to the engine cylinders, and also having spark-plugs in said gas-passa es.

V URNHAM C. TIOKNEYQ 

